Jazz Changes

Sigmund Romberg, music · Oscar Hammerstein II, lyrics · From the 1928 operetta The New Moon

Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise

Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise is a minor-key song from Sigmund Romberg and Oscar Hammerstein II's 1928 operetta The New Moon, first written as a tango. Players like it because the 32 bars are built mostly from one repeated minor ii–V–i turn, which is easy to learn and leaves room to stretch out, and it became a jam-session regular. You will hear it on Sonny Rollins's 1957 Village Vanguard set, on the Modern Jazz Quartet's Concorde, and on John Coltrane's live recording from 1961.

▶ Plays the whole path: 8 recordings in order. Use the player's next button to skip ahead.

  1. 1 Learn the song June Christy
  2. 2 Hear the song arranged The Modern Jazz Quartet
  3. 3 Hear the changes without a piano Sonny Rollins
  4. 4 Follow the changes in a piano trio Sonny Clark Trio
  5. 5 Hear the song stretched out John Coltrane Quartet
  6. 6 Hear a working rhythm section Wynton Kelly Trio
  7. 7 Hear it on guitar Jim Hall & Ron Carter
  8. 8 Hear a recent take Tigran Hamasyan

How the tune works

C minorusual key
32 barsA · A · B · A form
C m → E♭ → C mkey centers

Thirty-two bars in AABA. Each A section is two four-bar minor ii–V–i turns in C minor, resolving to Cm7. The bridge opens in E♭, the relative major, for four bars, then runs through Fm7 and a diminished chord to the dominant, G7♭9, and back to C minor. The last A repeats the first.

The changes as a simplified fake-book chart in C minor. The A sections repeat one minor ii–V–i; the bridge is the only part that leaves it.

Key C minor
Abars 1–8
C minorCm7
Cm7
Dm7♭5
G7♭9
Cm7
Cm7
Dm7♭5
G7♭9
A²bars 9–16
Cm7
Cm7
Dm7♭5
G7♭9
Cm7
Cm7
Dm7♭5
G7♭9
Bbars 17–24
E♭ majorE♭maj7
E♭maj7
C7♭9
C7♭9
C minorFm7
F♯°7
Dm7♭5
G7♭9
Abars 25–32
Cm7
Cm7
Dm7♭5
G7♭9
Cm7
Cm7
Dm7♭5
G7♭9

Fake books vary. A common swap puts A♭7 in for the Dm7♭5 and G7 before Cm7. The bridge has a second spelling that links E♭maj7, E°7, Fm7, G♭°7 and G7 with diminished passing chords. The last A is written like the first so the chart loops; players usually end on Cm7. The A sections follow a simplified online chart and the bridge follows Jeremy Kahn's reading of the fake-book version, so check both against a printed lead sheet before relying on them.

Source: Bridge: Jeremy Kahn, 'The Middle 8 of Softly'. A sections: Guitar Composers ToolBox chart (https://www.guitarcomposerstoolbox.com/jazz-standards/softly-as-in-a-morning-sunrise-in-c, transposed). Form and key: JazzGuitar.be lesson.

Listen in this order

Play all 8 on YouTube ↗

Eight versions, from a sung chorus to a 2022 piano trio. Each adds one thing to listen for and one thing to try.

  1. Step 1 · Learn the song

    June Christy 1954

    “Softly As In a Morning Sunrise”, Something Cool

    Listen for
    Follow the 32 bars once through: two matching A sections, a bridge, and a last A. Sing along until you know where each section starts.
    Try this
    Sing the tune with the record, then without it, and then find it by ear on your instrument in C minor.
  2. Step 2 · Hear the song arranged

    The Modern Jazz Quartet 1955

    Concorde

    Listen for
    The eight-bar introduction and ending, and the second line the piano plays under the vibraphone melody. Notice that the arrangement stays in the same minor key throughout.
    Try this
    Play only the root of each chord for one chorus, then add a second line above it that moves against the melody.
  3. Step 3 · Hear the changes without a piano

    Sonny Rollins 1957

    A Night at the Village Vanguard

    Listen for
    With no piano, the bass and the saxophone line carry the chords. Listen for how the Dm7♭5 to G7♭9 to Cm7 turn stays clear anyway.
    Try this
    Play one chorus alone with a metronome on beats 2 and 4, and spell out each chord with its own notes so the harmony is clear without accompaniment.
  4. Step 4 · Follow the changes in a piano trio

    Sonny Clark Trio 1957

    “Softly As In a Morning Sunrise”, Sonny Clark Trio

    Listen for
    How piano, bass and drums stay balanced for the whole 6 and a half minutes, and how each chorus comes back to the same minor ii–V–i turn.
    Try this
    Play the left hand as a walking bass line with the track, then switch to shell voicings (root and seventh) in the left hand.
  5. Step 5 · Hear the song stretched out

    John Coltrane Quartet 1961

    "Live" at the Village Vanguard

    Listen for
    How long solos keep coming back to the same few chords, and how the drums push the quartet through the form.
    Try this
    Learn the Dm7♭5, G7♭9, Cm7 turn in two other minor keys, then play it in C minor over the track.
  6. Step 6 · Hear a working rhythm section

    Wynton Kelly Trio 1959

    “Softly, As In a Morning Sunrise”, Kelly Blue

    Listen for
    How the piano lines follow the chord tones of each change, and how bass and drums keep the time steady behind them.
    Try this
    Play along with one chord tone per beat in the right hand over the A section, changing the tone at every chord.
  7. Step 7 · Hear it on guitar

    Jim Hall & Ron Carter 1972

    “Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise”, Alone Together

    Listen for
    How the guitar suggests the chords while the bass holds the time, so each change is audible in just two voices.
    Try this
    Play the A section with only a bass line and a single melody line, the way a duo does, without full chords.
  8. Step 8 · Hear a recent take

    Tigran Hamasyan 2021

    StandArt

    Listen for
    Compare it with the earlier tracks. Listen for where the form feels familiar and where the trio rewrites it.
    Try this
    Play the chart once in C minor, then listen again and mark each place where this version departs from it.

More great versions